This document is an application compendium on analyzing and identifying impurities in drug substances using Agilent instrumentation. It provides guidance on improving overall workflow with Agilent products and applications. The compendium includes application notes on analyzing organic impurities with various Agilent LC and GC systems, analyzing residual solvents, analyzing inorganic impurities with ICP-MS, and determining impurities with LC/MS. Agilent's reliable instrumentation and services, including instrument qualification and diagnostic programs, ensure accurate and dependable impurity analysis. The analysis of impurities in drug substances is becoming increasingly challenging, from initial screening to routine quality control and assurance. Impurities are addressed from chemical aspects, including classification and identification.