Agilent MAC Mode AFM Applications in Biology and Pharmaceuticals

About this manual

This document highlights applications of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) using MAC Mode technology in biology, pharmaceuticals, and related industries. It illustrates how AFM enables direct, high-resolution visualization of surface morphology for samples such as liposomes, drug carriers, and biological structures under ambient or controlled conditions.

What's inside

• Liposomes and Drug Carriers
• Structural and Molecular Biology
• Cosmetics Industry
• DNA and Protein Imaging
• Cellular Specimens
• AFM Instrumentation

Frequently asked questions

At what humidity level do lactose crystal surface structures appear to melt?

Surface structures appear to melt at about 80% humidity.

What is the measured width of a DNA double helix in MAC Mode images?

The average width of the double helix measured is about 3.5 nm.

How much was the height of nucleosomes reduced after adding Mg2+?

Upon the addition of Mg2+, their height was reduced by approximately 25%.