Agilent Manuals

This document describes the application of Agilent J&W FactorFour VF-WAXms GC Columns in beer analysis.

This application note describes the analysis of malt whiskey using an ultra low bleed VF-WAXms column. The reduced column bleed level in the 210-260 °C temperature range enables a more accurate detection and quantification of impurities eluting close to the maximum temperature of the column. Capric acid and other minor impurities, which elute at these higher temperatures, can be detected at lower concentration levels and with improved accuracy.

This application note describes LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of Alternaria toxins in vegetables and fruit beverages.

This application note describes how to use Agilent J&W FactorFour VF-5ht Ultimetal column for high temperature gas chromatography analysis of synthetic petroleum products.

A fast GC/MS/MS method for the screening of 13 anabolic androgenic steroids with high specificity and short analysis time.

This application note discusses the analysis of polyols by GPC with viscometry. Polyols are polymeric species containing multiple hydroxyl functionalities typically used as precursors to other polymers. Understanding the molecular structure of polyols is important in controlling their application. Two different samples of polyol were analyzed using an Agilent GPC system, and their molecular weight distribution was determined.

The wide resolving range of the ProSEC 300S column is suitable for the analysis of a wide variety of proteins on the basis of their size in solution and molecul

This application note demonstrates the value of the VF-624ms GC column with EZ-Guard in the analysis of Class 2 solvents according to the USP 467 method.

This article describes the analysis of starches using gel permeation chromatography with viscometry using the Agilent 390-MDS application note. The molecular weight distribution of starches and their properties in various industrial applications such as cooking, textiles, and papermaking are accurately determined using these techniques.

This document describes the GPC viscometry analysis of Polydimethyl Siloxane (PDMS) using the Agilent 390-MDS Multi Detector Suite. PDMS is a non-toxic, non-flammable, silicon-based polymeric material known for its unusual rheological behavior. It behaves like a liquid with long flow times or at low temperatures. PDMS is produced in various grades, from liquids to rubbery semi-solids, depending on the molecular weight of the constituent chains. PDMS is widely used in silicone caulks, lubricants, damping fluids, heat transfer fluids, as well as breast and knuckle implants. It is also used as a food additive with the E number E900, functioning as an anti-foaming and anti-caking agent. The inclusion of a viscometer and refractive index detector in the detector array allows for analysis using the universal calibration method, providing accurate molecular weights independent of the calibration standards used. Toluene is preferred over tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the solvent for PDMS analysis due to its isorefractive nature. The 390-MDS was chosen for its ability to perform multi-detector analysis.

This document describes the analysis of complex bacterial cell division proteins using Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). SEC is a powerful tool for identifying and isolating proteins from complex systems by separating them based on size in solution. The analysis focuses on FtsZ and ZipA, two essential cell division proteins involved in septum formation in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Crystal structures of the protein monomer units are also shown. FtsZ is a major component of the bacterial septal ring and the first protein to move to the division site during cell fission. It binds other proteins to produce a new cell wall. One of the proteins that interacts with FtsZ is ZipA. Reconstituting ZipA on E. coli lipid membranes provides insights into how membrane attachment regulates the dynamics of FtsZ polymer. The interaction of ZipA with the membrane greatly increases the size of the protein conjugate.

This application note investigates the effect of NaCl concentration on the elution volume and separation of proteins by size exclusion chromatography.

Effect of pH on Protein Size Exclusion Chromatography Application Note. Determination of protein structure is key to understanding the function of many proteins. Molecule size is an indicator of structure and provides information on the quaternary structure of the protein. Many proteins undergo profound conformational changes in different solution conditions, with the most extreme being denaturation. Similar structural modifications may occur as a function of ionic strength, pH, temperature and changes in various other solution conditions. Proteins comprise amino acids, some of which have polar side chains or contain acidic or basic groups. At the isoelectric point, the protein is uncharged and charge repulsions of similar functional groups will be at a minimum, allowing aggregation to take place. Many proteins precipitate under these conditions, and even for proteins that remain in solution at their isoelectric point this is the pH of minimum solubility. At physiological pH most proteins are above their isoelectric point and have a net negative charge. A pH lower than the isoelectric point causes protonation of acidic groups and a net positive charge on the protein. In each case, the like- charges formed repel each other, reducing the likelihood of protein aggregation. However, in areas of larger charge density the intramolecular repulsion can lead to destabilization of the protein tertiary structure and subsequent unfolding. In some cases, this unfolding may lea...

This document introduces orthogonality in reversed-phase liquid chromatography and achieves high resolution by comparing the selectivities of different Agilent Polaris and Agilent Pursuit columns.

This article introduces the high-throughput analysis of epigenetic targets using the Agilent RapidFire/MS system, with a focus on the application of Sirtuin enzymes (SIRT). Sirtuin activity has been associated with inflammatory, cardiovascular, proliferative, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. RapidFire/MS assays offer advantages over other assay formats, such as avoiding the use of radioactive substrates and the complications of secondary or coupled reactions. Additionally, direct measurement by mass spectrometry eliminates the need for fluorescent tags and enables detection of every modification state on a peptide.