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Effect of pH on Protein Size Exclusion Chromatography Application Note. Determination of protein structure is key to understanding the function of many proteins. Molecule size is an indicator of structure and provides information on the quaternary structure of the protein. Many proteins undergo profound conformational changes in different solution conditions, with the most extreme being denaturation. Similar structural modifications may occur as a function of ionic strength, pH, temperature and changes in various other solution conditions. Proteins comprise amino acids, some of which have polar side chains or contain acidic or basic groups. At the isoelectric point, the protein is uncharged and charge repulsions of similar functional groups will be at a minimum, allowing aggregation to take place. Many proteins precipitate under these conditions, and even for proteins that remain in solution at their isoelectric point this is the pH of minimum solubility. At physiological pH most proteins are above their isoelectric point and have a net negative charge. A pH lower than the isoelectric point causes protonation of acidic groups and a net positive charge on the protein. In each case, the like- charges formed repel each other, reducing the likelihood of protein aggregation. However, in areas of larger charge density the intramolecular repulsion can lead to destabilization of the protein tertiary structure and subsequent unfolding. In some cases, this unfolding may lea...

This datasheet states AMD’s current technical specifications regarding the Am29LV116D 16 Megabit (2 M x 8-Bit) CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Boot Serial Flash Memory product.

This document introduces orthogonality in reversed-phase liquid chromatography and achieves high resolution by comparing the selectivities of different Agilent Polaris and Agilent Pursuit columns.

LXT974/975 are four-port PHY Fast Ethernet Transceivers which support IEEE 802.3 physical layer applications at both 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps

This article introduces the high-throughput analysis of epigenetic targets using the Agilent RapidFire/MS system, with a focus on the application of Sirtuin enzymes (SIRT). Sirtuin activity has been associated with inflammatory, cardiovascular, proliferative, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. RapidFire/MS assays offer advantages over other assay formats, such as avoiding the use of radioactive substrates and the complications of secondary or coupled reactions. Additionally, direct measurement by mass spectrometry eliminates the need for fluorescent tags and enables detection of every modification state on a peptide.

This article describes the analysis of biomarkers in crude oil using the Agilent 7200 GC/Q-TOF system. With a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer, a diluted sample can be analyzed without fractionation, and the biomarkers of interest can be measured by exploiting the high selectivity of ion extraction at accurate mass. The system has excellent sensitivity, allowing for the selective detection of dibenzothiophene, alkylated dibenzothiophenes, and hopanes. Using the Agilent GC/Q-TOF system in MS/MS mode, low levels of steranes can be selectively detected.

A chlorine mass-filter is used to screen both LC/TOF-MS and LC/QTOF-MS data files in order to discover compounds that contain chlorine. The chlorine filter uses Mass Hunter software to generate formulae of chlorine containing compounds. Examples are shown in the analysis of an environmental water sample (the South Platte River after wastewater discharge) for pharmaceuticals. The chlorine filter is a useful data analysis tool for complex sample analysis in the field of environmental chemistry.

This document describes an automated clean-up method for mineral oil (or hydrocarbon oil index) analysis using the Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench system. Using this method, drying and clean-up of samples obtained after liquid-liquid extraction can be automated. High recoveries and excellent reproducibility are obtained for the mineral oil fraction, while the clean-up step is very efficient. The extracts are analysed by GC-FID. In combination with low thermal mass (LTM) – GC, an automated high throughput method is obtained.

This document describes an automated clean-up method for PCB extracts from waste oil using the Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench. The clean-up process, which involves GC-ECD or GC-MS analysis and purification using silica or acidified silica, effectively removes interfering substances and allows for accurate determination of PCBs in waste oil.

This Application Note describes a method for the simultaneous quantitation of five artificial sweeteners, acesulfame K, aspartame, alitame, neotame, and saccharin in diet colas using an Agilent 1260 Infinity LC system. With the 60-mm Max-Light flow cell, all sweeteners could be detected at 210 nm. The linear dynamic ranges were determined after validating the robustness of seven method parameters. All the analytes showed good linearity up to 50 µg/mL with the R2 values being > 0.9999. Acesulfame K, aspartame, and alitame had LOD values of 0.1 µg/mL and LOQ values of 0.2 µg/mL, while the LOD of saccharin was found to be 0.05 µg/mL and LOQ to be 0.1 µg/mL. For neotame, both the LOD and LOQ values were 0.5 µg/mL. Two diet cola samples were analyzed by this method and excellent recoveries were obtained for the spiked samples.

This document includes the programming specifications for PIC12C67X and PIC12CE67X. These devices have the capability of serial programming, allowing programming while in the user's system. The document also provides information on hardware requirements and programming mode.

This document describes the separation of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) using Agilent Bio SEC-3. The method utilizes Agilent Bio SEC columns, which are designed to improve separation efficiency and stability by reducing secondary interactions. The columns are optimized for use with organic modifier denaturants and low salt concentrations, making them ideal for quality control in protein primary structure analysis.

SurePrint G3 Human Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) platform has been extended to include a set of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) probes on the same microarray. This allows for the simultaneous, high-resolution detection of copy number and copy-neutral variations.

This study describes the successful cleanup of alkaloids (hydrastine and berberine) in goldenseal using the Agilent Bond Elut Plexa solid phase extraction sorbent. HPLC separation was achieved in less than 6 minutes using an Agilent RRHD ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (4.6 x 75 mm, 3.5 µm) at 35 °C with a gradient elution of 0.1% phosphoric acid/methanol mobile phase. The calibration curves of both alkaloids showed a good correlation coefficient of 0.9994. The recoveries of hydrastine ranged from 76-102% while those of berberine ranged from 99-104% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) % of less than 5.

This application note describes the methods used to implement batch sample preparation using the Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench, which can save time and resources.