The paper reviews research on how autoimmune diseases are frequently accompanied by depressive disorders. It examines both non‑biological influences such as age, social relationships, and emotional changes, and biological mechanisms including hormones, cytokines, and immune cell alterations.
The authors summarize evidence that estrogen, cytokine activity, and altered T‑cell populations may link immune dysregulation to mood disturbances, and they highlight the need for clinicians to consider emotional health when treating autoimmune patients. This manual is written in Chinese.
Older patients tend to report higher depression scores and lower role balance compared with younger patients.
Cytokines affect monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, linking immune activation to depressive symptoms.
Estrogen modulates immune cell activity and also influences neurotransmitter systems, impacting both disease activity and mood.