Agilent Manuals

This article describes the denaturation process of proteins and the application of urea in protein denaturation. Urea and guanidine hydrochloride are strong denaturants that disrupt hydrogen bonding, causing proteins to adopt a highly unfolded and less compact conformation in solution.

This document is an application note on the analysis of flue gas desulfurization wastewaters using Agilent 7700x ICP-MS. It discusses the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) revision of effluent guidelines for the steam electric power generating industry, specifically addressing the increased wastewater discharges from Phase 2 of the Clean Air Act amendments. The application note highlights the measurement challenges of toxic metals in FGD wastewater and introduces the application of Agilent 7700x ICP-MS.

This application note describes the use of temperature to enhance oligonucleotide mass transfer and improve resolution in ion-pair reversed phase HPLC. Temperature enhancement of mass transfer can improve oligonucleotide separation resolution, enabling the use of smaller particle columns and reduced column lengths. Temperature enhancement of resolution is particularly useful for oligonucleotide analysis, as oligonucleotides have relatively low retention in reversed phase chromatography. Temperature also accelerates oligonucleotide separations, increasing laboratory throughput.

This document introduces the effect of temperature on protein size exclusion chromatography

Hsp47 is a 47 kDa glycoprotein that is widely distributed and highly conserved. It is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Like other chaperones, it assists in protein folding both in vivo and in vitro, as well as protecting proteins from unfolding due to external stress. Collagen is the most abundant fibrous protein in the body, therefore its correct biosynthesis and exocytosis is essential. Hsp47 has been recognized as a vital component of the collagen fibril formation pathway. Hsp47 is a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily of proteins. These biomolecules are known to undergo structural conformational changes under different conditions and various conformations of the protein have been identified, each exhibiting different substrate binding and biological activity characteristics. Native Hsp47 possesses low stability and is prone to degradation and aggregation, producing molecules of lower and higher molecular weights. Monitoring of the molecular weight of native Hsp47 therefore allows differentiation between the conformation(s) present in the sample and also reveals the oligomerization state of the protein. SEC with UV detection can be used to determine the molecular weights of proteins such as Hsp47. The native form of mouse Hsp47 was analyzed for id

Introduces the characteristics and features of Agilent PLgel 5 µm MIXED-D column for polyurethane analysis.

This application note describes the use of the Agilent PLgel 5 μm MIXED-D gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column for the analysis of polysiloxanes.

This document describes the features and characteristics of Polystyrene 960 and 580, as well as the application of reversed phase HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. Polystyrene 960 is highly resistant to degradation from fats and oils, making it suitable for food container manufacturing. Polystyrene 580 is used for high-quality electrical components, medical supplies, and office supplies, and has good sparkle and stiffness. Reversed phase chromatography allows for the separation of individual oligomers of these low molecular weight polystyrenes. The combination of PLRP-S columns and the 380-LC evaporative light scattering detector is an ideal choice for this analysis.

This document describes the analysis of trypsin-digested monoclonal antibody and bovine serum albumin by UHPLC using Agilent ZORBAX RRHD 300SB-C18 1.8 µm reversed-phase media. The media demonstrates robustness with different acidic eluents, temperatures, and flow rates, and exhibits good reproducibility.

This application note discusses the method of detecting trace contamination on metal surfaces using the handheld Agilent 4100 ExoScan FTIR to ensure maximum adhesion. The 4100 ExoScan FTIR can identify and quantify the cleanliness of metal surfaces in the field, and detect the presence of organic and some inorganic contaminants. Even very low amounts of contamination can severely decrease the ultimate bond strength, and the highly sensitive 4100 ExoScan can detect trace levels of contaminants.

Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze short beam shear data to evaluate the effects of thermal exposure on composites.

This application note describes how hand-held Agilent FTIR analyzers are optimized for geological sample measurements, including the integrated diffuse reflectance sample interface. The instrument can be used on samples in the field, with little or no sample preparation. FTIR provides information about how the elements are bonded to form a mineral’s chemical composition. When used in conjunction with x-ray fluorescence analyzers, which determine what elements are present, geoscientists are equipped with a powerful onsite identification system.