This guide provides step‑by‑step instructions for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco routers and switches in a CCNA lab.
The document introduces the structure, memory system, boot process and basic configuration of Cisco routers and switches used in CCNA laboratory exercises. It covers a wide range of devices, from low‑end 2600/2500 series routers to high‑end 10000/12000GSR core routers and Catalyst 2950/2900 series switches.
The guide is organized into chapters that explain the Cisco IOS command‑line interface, initial configuration dialogs, common CLI commands (show, clock, enable, configure terminal, etc.), and several hands‑on labs such as basic router configuration, CDP discovery, and VLAN/VTP setup on Catalyst switches. Each lab includes required equipment, configuration steps and expected command output. This manual is written in Chinese.
| ROM | BIOS equivalent |
|---|---|
| FLASH | stores IOS image |
| DRAM | dynamic memory |
| NVRAM | stores configuration file |
When the router boots, it asks "Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog?" Answer "yes" to start the menu‑driven setup, or "no" to skip it.
Use the command `show running-config` to display the configuration that is currently in RAM.
Enter `show startup-config` to display the configuration saved in NVRAM.
Use `show cdp neighbor` or `show cdp neighbor detail` to see discovered Cisco devices.