The present invention discloses a distributed measurement system base station attitude compensation device, comprising a plurality of base stations and an optoelectronic self-collimator; wherein, the base station comprises an inclination sensor embedded in the base station and a reflector arranged on a side wall of the base station; the base station is placed on a precision swing platform; the mirror surface of the reflector substantially coincides with the YOZ plane of the inclination sensor coordinate system, and the normal vector of the mirror surface is substantially in the same direction as the positive direction of the X axis of the inclination sensor coordinate system, and the coordinate system of the optoelectronic self-collimator does not change with the change of the attitude of the inclination sensor and the mirror coordinate system; and the light source emission axis of the optoelectronic self-collimator is in a parallel state with the vertical line of the center of the reflector of the base station.