The document provides a technical analysis of operational integrators used in analog computers. It details how non-ideal characteristics of operational amplifiers, such as offset voltage, input impedance, and open-loop gain, limit the performance of these circuits.
Key sections cover errors due to finite gain and bandwidth, low-frequency behavior, and hold errors where a fixed voltage droops over time. The text also includes a comparison chart of various high-quality capacitor types (e.g., Polystyrene, Mylar, Teflon) regarding their temperature ranges, dielectric absorption, and insulation resistance for precise integrator design.
By far the greatest source of error in integrators is due to offset and drift of the amplifier.
Output drift rate is minimized by using the smallest value for R and the largest value for C.
The document lists Metalized Poly-Mylar, Poly-Mylar, Metalized Polycarbonate, Polystyrene, Teflon, and others.